- Steeltown, USSR: Soviet Society in the Gorbachev Era. Berkeley: University of California, 1991, ISBN 0962262900.
- Rediscovering Russia in Asia: Siberia and the Russian Far East. M. E. Sharpe, 1995, ISBN 1563245469.
- Magnetic Mountain: Stalinism as a Civilization. Berkeley: University of California, 1995, ISBN 0520069080.
- Political Corruption in Transition: A Sceptic’s Handbook. Central European University Press, 2002, ISBN 9639241466. (Co-Autor)
- The Cultural Gradient: The Transmission of Ideas in Europe, 1789–1991. Rowman & Littlefield, 2003, ISBN 0742520625. (Co-Autor)
- Korea at the Center: Dynamics of Regionalism in Northeast Asia. M. E. Sharpe, 2005, (Co-Autor)
- Armageddon Averted. The Soviet Collapse, 1970–2000. Oxford University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-19-536863-5.
- Uncivil Society: 1989 and the Implosion of Communist Establishment. New York: Modern Library/Random House, 2009, ISBN 978-0679642763. (Co-Autor)
- Manchurian Railways and the Opening of China: An International History. M. E. Sharpe, 2010, ISBN 978-0765625144. (Co-Autor)
- Historical Legacies of Communism in Russia and Eastern Europe. Cambridge University Press, 2014, ISBN 1107054176. (Co-Autor)
- Stalin: Volume I: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928. Penguin Press, 2014, ISBN 1594203792.
- Stalin: Volume II: Waiting for Hitler, 1929–1941. Penguin Press, 2017, ISBN 978-1594203800.