Dalībnieks:MKO/Smilšu kaste

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s d l CPU tehnoloģijas

Arhitektūra	Tjūringa mašīna Post–Turing machine Universal Turing machine Quantum Turing machine Belt machine Stack machine Register machine Counter machine Pointer machine Random access machine Random access stored program machine Galīgs automāts Queue automaton Fon Neimana arhitektūra Harvard (modified) Dataflow TTA Cellular Artificial neural network Machine learning Deep learning Neural processing unit (NPU) Convolutional neural network Load/store architecture Register memory architecture Endianness FIFO Zero-copy NUMA HUMA HSA Mobile computing Surface computing Wearable computing Heterogeneous computing Paralēlā skaitļošana Concurrent computing Izkliedētā skaitļošana Mākoņskaitļošana Amorphous computing Ubiquitous computing Fabric computing Reconfigurable computing Cognitive computing Analogā skaitļošana Mechanical computing Hybrid computing Dators DNA computing Peptide computing Chemical computing Organic computing Wetware computing Kvantu dators Neuromorphic computing Optical computing Reversible computing Unconventional computing Hypercomputation Ternary computer Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) Asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP) Cache hierarchy Memory hierarchy

Instrukciju kopa	ASIP CISC RISC EDGE (TRIPS) VLIW (EPIC) MISC OISC NISC ZISC Comparison

ISAs	x86 z/Architecture ARM Arhitektūra MIPS arhitektūra Power arhitektūra (PowerPC) SPARC Mill Itanium (IA-64) Alpha Prism SuperH Clipper VAX Unicore PA-RISC MicroBlaze RISC-V

Word size	1-bit 2-bit 4-bit 8-bit 9-bit 10-bit 12-bit 15-bit 16-bit 18-bit 22-bit 24-bit 25-bit 26-bit 27-bit 31-bit 32-bit 33-bit 34-bit 36-bit 39-bit 40-bit 48-bit 50-bit 60-bit 64-bit 128-bit 256-bit 512-bit Variable

Execution	Instruction pipelining Bubble Operand forwarding Out-of-order execution Register renaming Speculative execution Branch predictor Memory dependence prediction Hazards

Paralēlā skaitļošana	Bit Bit-serial Word Instruction Pipelining Scalar Superscalar Task Thread Process Data Vector Memory

Multithreading	Temporal Simultaneous (SMT) (Hyper-threading) Speculative (SpMT) Preemptive Cooperative Clustered Multi-Thread (CMT) Hardware scout

Flynn's taxonomy	SISD SIMD (SWAR) SIMT MISD MIMD SPMD Addressing mode

Veiktspēja	Instrukcijas sekundē (IPS) Instructions per clock (IPC) Cycles per instruction (CPI) Floating-point operations per second (FLOPS) Transactions per second (TPS) Synaptic Updates Per Second (SUPS) Performance per watt Orders of magnitude (computing) Cache performance measurement and metric

Core count	Single-core processor Multi-core processor Manycore processor

Types	Central processing unit (CPU) GPGPU AI accelerator Vision processing unit (VPU) Vector processor Barrel processor Stream processor Ciparsignālu procesors (DSP) I/O processor/DMA controller Network processor Baseband processor Physics processing unit (PPU) Līdzprocesors Secure cryptoprocessor ASIC FPGA FPOA CPLD Mikrokontrollers Mikroprocesors Mobile processor Notebook processor Ultra-low-voltage processor Multi-core processor Manycore processor Tile processor Multi-chip module (MCM) Chip stack multi-chip modules Vienkristālshēma (SoC) Multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) Programmable System-on-Chip (PSoC) Network on a chip (NoC)

Components	Execution unit (EU) Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) Address generation unit (AGU) Floating-point unit (FPU) Load-store unit (LSU) Branch predictor Unified Reservation Station Barrel shifter Uncore Sum addressed decoder (SAD) Front-side bus Back-side bus Northbridge (computing) Southbridge (computing) Adder (electronics) Binary multiplier Binary decoder Address decoder Multiplexer Demultiplexer Registers Cache Memory management unit (MMU) Input–output memory management unit (IOMMU) Integrated Memory Controller (IMC) Power Management Unit (PMU) Translation lookaside buffer (TLB) Stack engine Register file Processor register Hardware register Memory buffer register (MBR) Program counter Microcode ROM Datapath Control unit Instruction unit Re-order buffer Data buffer Write buffer Coprocessor Electronic switch Electronic circuit Integrated circuit Three-dimensional integrated circuit Boolean circuit Digital circuit Analog circuit Mixed-signal integrated circuit Power management integrated circuit Quantum circuit Logic gate Combinational logic Sequential logic Emitter-coupled logic (ECL) Transistor–transistor logic (TTL) Glue logic Quantum gate Gate array Counter (digital) Bus (computing) Semiconductor device Clock rate CPU multiplier Vision chip Memristor

Power management	APM ACPI Dynamic frequency scaling Dynamic voltage scaling Clock gating

Hardware security	Non-executable memory (NX bit) Memory Protection Extensions (Intel MPX) Intel Secure Key Hardware restriction (firmware) Software Guard Extensions (Intel SGX) Trusted Execution Technology Trusted Platform Module (TPM) Secure cryptoprocessor Hardware security module Hengzhi chip

Related	History of general-purpose CPUs

s d l Parallel computing

General	Distributed computing Parallel computing Massively parallel Cloud computing High-performance computing Multiprocessing Manycore processor GPGPU Computer network Systolic array

Levels	Bit Instruction Thread Task Data Memory Loop Pipeline

Multithreading	Temporal Simultaneous (SMT) Speculative (SpMT) Preemptive Cooperative Clustered Multi-Thread (CMT) Hardware scout

Theory	PRAM model Analysis of parallel algorithms Amdahl's law Gustafson's law Cost efficiency Karp–Flatt metric Slowdown Speedup

Elements	Process Thread Fiber Instruction window

Coordination	Multiprocessing Memory coherency Cache coherency Cache invalidation Barrier Synchronization Application checkpointing

Programming	Stream processing Dataflow programming Models Implicit parallelism Explicit parallelism Concurrency Non-blocking algorithm

Hardware	Flynn's taxonomy SISD SIMD SIMT MISD MIMD Dataflow architecture Pipelined processor Superscalar processor Vector processor Multiprocessor symmetric asymmetric Memory shared distributed distributed shared UMA NUMA COMA Massively parallel computer Computer cluster Grid computer

APIs	Ateji PX Boost.Thread Chapel Charm++ Cilk Coarray Fortran CUDA Dryad C++ AMP Global Arrays MPI OpenMP OpenCL OpenHMPP OpenACC TPL PLINQ PVM POSIX Threads RaftLib UPC TBB ZPL

Problems	Deadlock Livelock Deterministic algorithm Embarrassingly parallel Parallel slowdown Race condition Software lockout Scalability Starvation

Veidne:Category-inline Media related to Parallel computing at Wikimedia Commons

s d l Database management systems

Types	Object-oriented comparison Relational comparison Document-oriented Graph NoSQL NewSQL

Concepts	Database ACID Armstrong's axioms CAP theorem CRUD Null Candidate key Foreign key Superkey Surrogate key Unique key

Objects	Relation table column row View Transaction Transaction log Trigger Index Stored procedure Cursor Partition

Components	Concurrency control Data dictionary JDBC XQJ ODBC Query language Query optimizer Query plan

Functions	Administration and automation Query optimization Replication

Related topics	Database models Database normalization Database storage Distributed database Federated database system Referential integrity Relational algebra Relational calculus Relational database Relational DBMS Relational model Object-relational database Transaction processing

s d l Sensori

Acoustic, sound, vibration	Geophone Hydrophone Mikrofons Seismogrāfs

Automotive, transportation	Air–fuel ratio meter Blind spot monitor Crankshaft position sensor Curb feeler Defect detector Engine coolant temperature sensor Hall effect sensor MAP sensor Mass flow sensor Omniview technology Oxygen sensor Parking sensors Radar gun Speed sensor Speedometer Throttle position sensor Tire-pressure monitoring system Torque sensor Transmission fluid temperature sensor Turbine speed sensor Variable reluctance sensor Vehicle speed sensor Water sensor Wheel speed sensor

Chemical	Breathalyzer Carbon dioxide sensor Carbon monoxide detector Catalytic bead sensor Chemical field-effect transistor Electrochemical gas sensor Electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor sensor Electronic nose Fluorescent chloride sensors Holographic sensor Hydrocarbon dew point analyzer Hydrogen sensor Hydrogen sulfide sensor Infrared point sensor Ion selective electrode Microwave chemistry sensor Nitrogen oxide sensor Nondispersive infrared sensor Olfactometer Optode Oxygen sensor Pellistor pH glass electrode Potentiometric sensor Redox electrode Smoke detector Zinc oxide nanorod sensor

Electric, magnetic, radio	Current sensor Electroscope Galvanometer Hall effect sensor Hall probe Magnetic anomaly detector Magnetometer MEMS magnetic field sensor Metal detector Planar Hall sensor Radio direction finder Test light

Environment, weather, moisture	Actinometer Bedwetting alarm Ceilometer Dew warning Electrochemical gas sensor Fish counter Frequency domain sensor Gas detector Hook gauge evaporimeter Humistor Hygrometer Leaf sensor Psychrometer Pyranometer Pyrgeometer Rain gauge Rain sensor SNOTEL Snow gauge Soil moisture sensor Stream gauge Tide gauge Weather radar

Flow, fluid velocity	Air flow meter Anemometer Flow sensor Gas meter Mass flow sensor Water metering

Ionising radiation, subatomic particles	Bubble chamber Cloud chamber Geiger–Müller tube Geiger counter Ionization chamber Neutron detection Particle detector Proportional counter Scintillation counter Semiconductor detector Scintillator Thermoluminescent dosimeter Wire chamber

Navigation instruments	Airspeed indicator Machmeter Altimeter Attitude indicator Depth gauge Fluxgate compass Gyroscope Inertial navigation system Inertial reference unit Magnetic compass MHD sensor Ring laser gyroscope Turn coordinator Variometer Vibrating structure gyroscope Yaw-rate sensor

Position, angle, displacement	Accelerometer Angular rate sensor Auxanometer Capacitive displacement sensor Capacitive sensing Gravimeter Inclinometer Integrated circuit piezoelectric sensor Laser rangefinder Laser surface velocimeter Lidar Linear encoder Linear variable differential transformer Liquid capacitive inclinometers Odometer Photoelectric sensor Piezoelectric accelerometer Position sensor Rotary encoder Rotary variable differential transformer Selsyn Sudden Motion Sensor Tachometer Tilt sensor Ultrasonic thickness gauge Variable reluctance sensor Velocity receiver

Optical, light, imaging	Active pixel sensor Angle–sensitive pixel Back-illuminated sensor Charge-coupled device Contact image sensor Electro-optical sensor Flame detector Infrared Kinetic inductance detector LED as light sensor Light-addressable potentiometric sensor Nichols radiometer Optical fiber Photodetector Photodiode Photoelectric sensor Photoionization detector Photomultiplier Photoresistor Photoswitch Phototransistor Phototube Position sensitive device Scintillometer Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor Single-photon avalanche diode Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector Transition edge sensor Tristimulus colorimeter Visible-light photon counter Wavefront sensor

Pressure	Barograph Barometer Boost gauge Bourdon gauge Hot-filament ionization gauge Ionization gauge McLeod gauge Oscillating U-tube Permanent Downhole Gauge Piezometer Pirani gauge Pressure gauge Pressure sensor Tactile sensor Time pressure gauge

Force, density, level	Bhangmeter Force gauge Hydrometer Level sensor Load cell Magnetic level gauge Nuclear density gauge Piezoelectric sensor Strain gauge Torque sensor Viscometer

Thermal, heat, temperature	Bimetallic strip Bolometer Calorimeter Exhaust gas temperature gauge Flame detection Gardon gauge Golay cell Heat flux sensor Infrared thermometer Microbolometer Microwave radiometer Net radiometer Quartz thermometer Resistance thermometer Silicon bandgap temperature sensor Special sensor microwave/imager Thermistor Thermocouple Thermometer

Proximity, presence	Alarm sensor Doppler radar Motion detector Occupancy sensor Passive infrared sensor Proximity sensor Reed switch Stud finder Touch switch Triangulation sensor Wired glove

Sensor technology	Active pixel sensor Back-illuminated sensor Biochip Biosensor Capacitance probe Carbon paste electrode Catadioptric sensor Digital sensors Displacement receiver Electromechanical film Electro-optical sensor Fabry–Pérot interferometer Fisheries acoustics Image sensor Image sensor format Inductive sensor Intelligent sensor Lab-on-a-chip Leaf sensor Machine vision Microelectromechanical systems Photoelasticity Quantum sensor Radar Ground-penetrating radar Synthetic aperture radar Radar tracker Sensor array Sensor fusion Sensor grid Sensor node Soft sensor Sonar Staring array Transducer Ultrasonic sensor Video sensor technology Visual sensor network Wheatstone bridge Wireless sensor network

Related	List of sensors