Sfēriskā Zeme

Uzskatu par Sfērisku Zemi pirmie pauda sengrieķu filozofi aptuveni 6. gadsimtā p.m.ē.,^[1] taču tas bija tikai filozofisks prātojums, līdz to pieņēma Hellēnisma astronomija 3. gadsimtā p.m.ē. Hellēnisma uzskatu vēlā antīkā laikmeta un viduslaiku laikā pakāpeniski pieņēma arī pārējā Vecā pasaule.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] Praksē zemes apaļumu pierādīja Fernāna Magelāna un Huana Sevastjana Elkano ceļojums apkārt zemeslodei (1519-1522).^[6]^[7]

Sfēriskās Zemes uzskats nonāca pretrunā ar iepriekš vadošo Plakanās Zemes konceptu. Senās Divupes mitoloģijā Zeme tika attēlota kā plakans disks, kas peld okeānā un ko aptver sfēriskas debesis,^[8] un vadoties pēc šī uzskata arī tika veidotas senākās Zemes kartes.

18. gadsimtā tika atklāts, ka precīza Zemes forma ir tuvāka elipsei (Mopertuī).

Atsauces

↑ D.R. Dicks. Early Greek Astronomy to Aristotle. Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell University Press, 1970. 72–198. lpp. ISBN 978-0-8014-0561-7.
↑ Continuation into Roman and medieval thought: Reinhard Krüger: "Materialien und Dokumente zur mittelalterlichen Erdkugeltheorie von der Spätantike bis zur Kolumbusfahrt (1492)"
↑ Direct adoption of the Greek concept by Islam: Ragep, F. Jamil: "Astronomy", in: Krämer, Gudrun (ed.) et al.: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Brill 2010, without page numbers
↑ Direct adoption by India: D. Pingree: "History of Mathematical Astronomy in India", Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. 15 (1978), pp. 533−633 (554f.); Glick, Thomas F., Livesey, Steven John, Wallis, Faith (eds.): "Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia", Routledge, New York 2005, ISBN 0-415-96930-1, p. 463
↑ Adoption by China via European science: Jean-Claude Martzloff, “Space and Time in Chinese Texts of Astronomy and of Mathematical Astronomy in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries”, Chinese Science 11 (1993-94): 66–92 (69) and Christopher Cullen, "A Chinese Eratosthenes of the Flat Earth: A Study of a Fragment of Cosmology in Huai Nan tzu 淮南子", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. 39, No. 1 (1976), pp. 106–127 (107)
↑ Ilustrētā pasaules vēsture, novembris 2011. Magelāns palika pusceļā.
↑ Pigafetta, Antonio (1906). Magellan's Voyage around the World. Arthur A. Clark. [1]
↑ Veidne:Cite document

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[dicks-1] D.R. Dicks. Early Greek Astronomy to Aristotle. Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell University Press, 1970. 72–198. lpp. ISBN 978-0-8014-0561-7.

[Krüger:_Roman_and_medieval_continuation-2] Continuation into Roman and medieval thought: Reinhard Krüger: "Materialien und Dokumente zur mittelalterlichen Erdkugeltheorie von der Spätantike bis zur Kolumbusfahrt (1492)"

[Ragep:_Islamic_adoption-3] Direct adoption of the Greek concept by Islam: Ragep, F. Jamil: "Astronomy", in: Krämer, Gudrun (ed.) et al.: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Brill 2010, without page numbers

[Pingree:_Indian_adoption-4] Direct adoption by India: D. Pingree: "History of Mathematical Astronomy in India", Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. 15 (1978), pp. 533−633 (554f.); Glick, Thomas F., Livesey, Steven John, Wallis, Faith (eds.): "Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia", Routledge, New York 2005, ISBN 0-415-96930-1, p. 463

[Martzloff,_Cullen:_Chinese_adoption-5] Adoption by China via European science: Jean-Claude Martzloff, “Space and Time in Chinese Texts of Astronomy and of Mathematical Astronomy in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries”, Chinese Science 11 (1993-94): 66–92 (69) and Christopher Cullen, "A Chinese Eratosthenes of the Flat Earth: A Study of a Fragment of Cosmology in Huai Nan tzu 淮南子", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. 39, No. 1 (1976), pp. 106–127 (107)

[6] Ilustrētā pasaules vēsture, novembris 2011. Magelāns palika pusceļā.

[7] Pigafetta, Antonio (1906). Magellan's Voyage around the World. Arthur A. Clark. [1]

[8] Veidne:Cite document

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