Haplogrupa R1b

Haplogrupa R1b jeb R-M343 ir cilvēka Y-hromosomas DNS haplogrupa, kas biežāk atrodama Eiropas rietumu un dienvidrietumu daļas iedzīvotājiem. Paleoģenētiskie pētījumi liecina par to, ka mezolīta laikmetā R1b haplogrupa bija sastopama Rietumu mednieku-vācēju Y-hromosomās arī Latvijā.^[1]

Šīs haplogrupas izplatīšanās korelē ar indoeiropiešu valodu ekspansiju 3. gadu tūkstotī p.m.ē., Rietumeiropā izveidojot Zvanveida biķeru kultūru (Bell Beaker culture).^[2]

Izplatība Baltijā

Pēc populācijas ģenētisko pētījumu datiem R1b haplogrupa ir viena no četrām biežāk sastopamajām Baltijas valstu pamatiedzīvotāju Y-hromosomas haplogrupām. Tā atrodama 4,9 % Lietuvas vīriešu, 7,6 % Latvijas vīriešu un 4,2 % Igaunijas vīriešu. Dienvidrietumu Latvijas novados tās izplatība pieaug līdz 15,2%.^[3]

Atsauces

↑ The Neolithic transition in the Baltic was not driven by admixture with early European farmers. Jones ER, Zarina G, Moiseyev V, Lightfoot E, Nigst PR, Manica A, Pinhasi R, Bradley DG. Curr Biol CB. 2017;27:576–582
↑ The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe. Olalde I, Brace S, Allentoft ME, Armit I, Kristiansen K, Booth T, Rohland N, Mallick S, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Mittnik A, Altena E, Lipson M, Lazaridis I, Harper TK, Patterson N, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Diekmann Y, Faltyskova Z, Fernandes D, Ferry M, Harney E, de Knijff P, Michel M, Oppenheimer J, Stewardson K, Barclay A, Alt KW, Liesau C, Ríos P, Blasco C, Miguel JV, García RM, Fernández AA, Bánffy E, Bernabò-Brea M, Billoin D, Bonsall C, Bonsall L, Allen T, Büster L, Carver S, Navarro LC, Craig OE, Cook GT, Cunliffe B, Denaire A, Dinwiddy KE, Dodwell N, Ernée M, Evans C, Kuchařík M, Farré JF, Fowler C, Gazenbeek M, Pena RG, Haber-Uriarte M, Haduch E, Hey G, Jowett N, Knowles T, Massy K, Pfrengle S, Lefranc P, Lemercier O, Lefebvre A, Martínez CH, Olmo VG, Ramírez AB, Maurandi JL, Majó T, McKinley JI, McSweeney K, Mende BG, Modi A, Kulcsár G, Kiss V, Czene A, Patay R, Endrődi A, Köhler K, Hajdu T, Szeniczey T, Dani J, Bernert Z, Hoole M, Cheronet O, Keating D, Velemínský P, Dobeš M, Candilio F, Brown F, Fernández RF, Herrero-Corral AM, Tusa S, Carnieri E, Lentini L, Valenti A, Zanini A, Waddington C, Delibes G, Guerra-Doce E, Neil B, Brittain M, Luke M, Mortimer R, Desideri J, Besse M, Brücken G, Furmanek M, Hałuszko A, Mackiewicz M, Rapiński A, Leach S, Soriano I, Lillios KT, Cardoso JL, Pearson MP, Włodarczak P, Price TD, Prieto P, Rey PJ, Risch R, Rojo Guerra MA, Schmitt A, Serralongue J, Silva AM, Smrčka V, Vergnaud L, Zilhão J, Caramelli D, Higham T, Thomas MG, Kennett DJ, Fokkens H, Heyd V, Sheridan A, Sjögren KG, Stockhammer PW, Krause J, Pinhasi R, Haak W, Barnes I, Lalueza-Fox C, Reich D. Nature. 2018 Mar 8;555(7695):190-196.
↑ Y-Chromosomal Lineages of Latvians in the Context of the Genetic Variation of the Eastern-Baltic Region Liana Pliss, Līga Timša, Siiri Rootsi, Kristiina Tambets, Inese Pelnena, Egija Zole, Agrita Puzuka, Areta Sabule, Sandra Rozane, Baiba Lace, Vaidutis Kucinskas, Astrida Krumina, Renate Ranka and Viesturs Baumanis. Annals of Human Genetics, November 2015, 79 (6):418-430

Cilvēka Y-hromosomas (Y-DNS) haplogrupu evolūcijas koks
Cilvēka Y-hromosomas minimālo atšķirību filoģenētika (2013. gada 4. decembra versija)
	Y-hromosomas Ādams
		A0	A1'2'3'4
			A1	A2'3'4
				A2'3		A4
					B		CDEF
							DE		CF
					D		E	C		F
										G	HIJKLT
											H		IJKLT
												IJ			KLT
											I	J		LT	K
														L	T	MP	NO	S
																		M	P		N	O
																				Q	R

[1] The Neolithic transition in the Baltic was not driven by admixture with early European farmers. Jones ER, Zarina G, Moiseyev V, Lightfoot E, Nigst PR, Manica A, Pinhasi R, Bradley DG. Curr Biol CB. 2017;27:576–582

[2] The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe. Olalde I, Brace S, Allentoft ME, Armit I, Kristiansen K, Booth T, Rohland N, Mallick S, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Mittnik A, Altena E, Lipson M, Lazaridis I, Harper TK, Patterson N, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Diekmann Y, Faltyskova Z, Fernandes D, Ferry M, Harney E, de Knijff P, Michel M, Oppenheimer J, Stewardson K, Barclay A, Alt KW, Liesau C, Ríos P, Blasco C, Miguel JV, García RM, Fernández AA, Bánffy E, Bernabò-Brea M, Billoin D, Bonsall C, Bonsall L, Allen T, Büster L, Carver S, Navarro LC, Craig OE, Cook GT, Cunliffe B, Denaire A, Dinwiddy KE, Dodwell N, Ernée M, Evans C, Kuchařík M, Farré JF, Fowler C, Gazenbeek M, Pena RG, Haber-Uriarte M, Haduch E, Hey G, Jowett N, Knowles T, Massy K, Pfrengle S, Lefranc P, Lemercier O, Lefebvre A, Martínez CH, Olmo VG, Ramírez AB, Maurandi JL, Majó T, McKinley JI, McSweeney K, Mende BG, Modi A, Kulcsár G, Kiss V, Czene A, Patay R, Endrődi A, Köhler K, Hajdu T, Szeniczey T, Dani J, Bernert Z, Hoole M, Cheronet O, Keating D, Velemínský P, Dobeš M, Candilio F, Brown F, Fernández RF, Herrero-Corral AM, Tusa S, Carnieri E, Lentini L, Valenti A, Zanini A, Waddington C, Delibes G, Guerra-Doce E, Neil B, Brittain M, Luke M, Mortimer R, Desideri J, Besse M, Brücken G, Furmanek M, Hałuszko A, Mackiewicz M, Rapiński A, Leach S, Soriano I, Lillios KT, Cardoso JL, Pearson MP, Włodarczak P, Price TD, Prieto P, Rey PJ, Risch R, Rojo Guerra MA, Schmitt A, Serralongue J, Silva AM, Smrčka V, Vergnaud L, Zilhão J, Caramelli D, Higham T, Thomas MG, Kennett DJ, Fokkens H, Heyd V, Sheridan A, Sjögren KG, Stockhammer PW, Krause J, Pinhasi R, Haak W, Barnes I, Lalueza-Fox C, Reich D. Nature. 2018 Mar 8;555(7695):190-196.

[3] Y-Chromosomal Lineages of Latvians in the Context of the Genetic Variation of the Eastern-Baltic Region Liana Pliss, Līga Timša, Siiri Rootsi, Kristiina Tambets, Inese Pelnena, Egija Zole, Agrita Puzuka, Areta Sabule, Sandra Rozane, Baiba Lace, Vaidutis Kucinskas, Astrida Krumina, Renate Ranka and Viesturs Baumanis. Annals of Human Genetics, November 2015, 79 (6):418-430

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