Lapkoku baltenis

Lapkoku baltenis; Aporia crataegi (Linnaeus, 1758)
; Pārošanās	; Olas
; Kāpurs	; Kūniņa
Klasifikācija
Valsts	Dzīvnieki (Animalia)
Tips	Posmkāji (Arthropoda)
Klase	Kukaiņi (Insecta)
Apakšklase	Spārneņi (Pterygota)
Kārta	Zvīņspārņi (Lepidoptera)
Apakškārta	Sūcējsnuķaiņi (Glossata)
Virsdzimta	Dižtauriņu virsdzimta (Papilionoidea)
Dzimta	Balteņu dzimta (Pieridae)
Apakšdzimta	Pierinae
Ģints	Aporia
Suga	Lapkoku baltenis (Aporia crataegi)
Sinonīmi
	Papilio crataegi Linnaeus 1758;
Iedalījums
	pasuga: Aporia crataegi adherbal Fruhstorfer, 1910; pasuga: Aporia crataegi banghaasi Bryk, 1921; pasuga: Aporia crataegi crataegi (Linnaeus, 1758); pasuga: Aporia crataegi diluta Verity; pasuga: Aporia crataegi iranica Forster, 1939; pasuga: Aporia crataegi mauretanica Oberthür, 1909; pasuga: Aporia crataegi meinhardi Krulikowsky, 1909; pasuga: Aporia crataegi pellucida Ruber, 1907; pasuga: Aporia crataegi pseudohippia Verity, 1911; pasuga: Aporia crataegi sachalinensis Matsumura, 1925; pasuga: Aporia crataegi shugnana Sheljuzhko, 1925; pasuga: Aporia crataegi tianschanica Rühl, 1893; pasuga: Aporia crataegi zabulensis de Freina, 1974;
	Lapkoku baltenis Vikikrātuvē

Lapkoku baltenis (latīņu: Aporia crataegi) ir zvīņspārņu tauriņu suga no balteņu dzimtas.

Izplatība

Tā ir Palearktikas suga, kas plaši izplatīta kontinentālajā Eiropā.^[1] Apdzīvo briksnājus, mežmalas, ziedu pļavas, kokaudzētavas un ceļmalas.^[2]

Apraksts

Pieaugušo tauriņu spārnu plētums ir 45—55 mm. Spārni parasti ir balti, ar melnām vēnām. Ūsas ir melnas, ar baltu galu.^[1]

Olas ir 1 mm garas un 0,5 mm platas, dzeltenas, ar skaidrām gareniskām ribām, kas olas galotnē nedaudz izstiepjas, veidojot kronim līdzīgu galotni.^[1]

Kāpuri ir līdz 40 mm gari.^[1]

Aporia crataegi ♂
Aporia crataegi ♂ △
Aporia crataegi ♀
Aporia crataegi ♀ △

Ekoloģija

Kāpuri ir polifāgi, tie barojas ar platlapju koku un krūmu lapām, galvenokārt no rožu dzimtas. Tai skaitā ābele, bumbiere, parastais mespils, parastā cidonija, parastā mandele, aprikožu, persiku un plūmju koki, ka arī vilkābeles (piemēram, Crataegus laevigata).^[1]

Ienaidnieki

Sarcophaga albiceps gaļasmušas kāpuri medī lapkoku balteņa kāpurus.^[3] No plēvspārņiem uz lapkoku balteņa parazitē šādi parazitoīdi:^[4]

Braconidae: Cotesia glomerata, Cotesia pieridi;^[5]^[6]
Eulophidae: Elasmus nudus;
Eupelmidae: Eupelmus annulatus;
Pteromalidae: Pteromalus puparum;^[7]
Torymidae: Monodontomerus aereus.

Atsauces

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 ^1,3 ^1,4 David V. Alford. Pests of Fruit Crops: A Colour Handbook, Second Edition. July 17, 2014 by CRC Press, 462 Pages ISBN 978-1-4822-5420-4
↑ David Newland, Robert Still, Andy Swash & David Tomlinson. Britain's Butterflies: A Field Guide to the Butterflies of Britain and Ireland: Thid Edition. Princeton University Press, 2015. 224 pages. ISBN 978-0-691-16643-8
↑ C. Pedro e Castro, M. D. García, M.I. Arnaldos & D. González-Mora. Sarcophagidae (Diptera) attracted to piglet carcasses including new records for Portuguese fauna. Graellsia, 66(2): 285-294. 2010. ISSN 0367-5041
↑ Teodosie Perju. Parsitoids Reared from Insect Pests of Different Agroecosystems. Lucrările simpozionului “Entomofagii şi rolul lor în păstrarea echilibrului natural” Universitatea “Al.I. Cuza” Iaşi, 2005
↑ Jacqueline B. F. Geervliet, Louis E. M. Vet & Marcel Dicke. Innate responses of the parasitoidsCotesia glomerata andC. rubecula (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to volatiles from different plant-herbivore complexes. Journal of Insect Behavior, July 1996, Volume 9, Issue 4, pp 525-538
↑ Ecology of Butterflies in Europe. eds. J. Settele, T. Shreeve, M. Konvicˇka and H. Van Dyck. Published by Cambridge University Press. Cambridge University Press 2009, pp. 130-156.
↑ Mehdi Razmi, Yones Karimpour, Mohammad Hasan Safaralizadeh & Seyed Ali Safavi. Parasitoid complex of cabbage large white butterfly Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in Urmia with new records from Iran. Journal of Plant Protection Research, Vol. 51, No. 3 (2011)

Ārējās saites

Black-veined White Aporia crataegi (Linnaeus, 1758). BioLib.cz

[Alford2014-1] 1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 ^1,3 ^1,4 David V. Alford. Pests of Fruit Crops: A Colour Handbook, Second Edition. July 17, 2014 by CRC Press, 462 Pages ISBN 978-1-4822-5420-4

[Newland.etal2015-2] David Newland, Robert Still, Andy Swash & David Tomlinson. Britain's Butterflies: A Field Guide to the Butterflies of Britain and Ireland: Thid Edition. Princeton University Press, 2015. 224 pages. ISBN 978-0-691-16643-8

[Castro.etal2010-3] C. Pedro e Castro, M. D. García, M.I. Arnaldos & D. González-Mora. Sarcophagidae (Diptera) attracted to piglet carcasses including new records for Portuguese fauna. Graellsia, 66(2): 285-294. 2010. ISSN 0367-5041

[Perju2005-4] Teodosie Perju. Parsitoids Reared from Insect Pests of Different Agroecosystems. Lucrările simpozionului “Entomofagii şi rolul lor în păstrarea echilibrului natural” Universitatea “Al.I. Cuza” Iaşi, 2005

[Geervliet.etal1996-5] Jacqueline B. F. Geervliet, Louis E. M. Vet & Marcel Dicke. Innate responses of the parasitoidsCotesia glomerata andC. rubecula (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to volatiles from different plant-herbivore complexes. Journal of Insect Behavior, July 1996, Volume 9, Issue 4, pp 525-538

[Settele.etal2009-6] Ecology of Butterflies in Europe. eds. J. Settele, T. Shreeve, M. Konvicˇka and H. Van Dyck. Published by Cambridge University Press. Cambridge University Press 2009, pp. 130-156.

[Razmi.etal2011-7] Mehdi Razmi, Yones Karimpour, Mohammad Hasan Safaralizadeh & Seyed Ali Safavi. Parasitoid complex of cabbage large white butterfly Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in Urmia with new records from Iran. Journal of Plant Protection Research, Vol. 51, No. 3 (2011)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]