Kazahi

Kazahi
*Қазақтар*
	Kazahi Kazahstānā, %
Visi iedzīvotāji
	~16,7 miljoni
Reģioni ar visvairāk iedzīvotājiem
	Kazahstāna 10 600 000; Uzbekistāna 800 000—1 100 000; Ķīna 1 400 000—1 500 000; Krievija 654 000; Mongolija 140 152; Turkmenistāna 40 000—90 000; Kirgizstāna 38 900; Afganistāna 21 000; Turcija 19 000—25 000; Vācija 890; Tadžikistāna 900; Irāna 10 000—15 000; Ukraina 5526; Baltkrievija 1239
Valodas
	kazahu valoda, izplatīta arī krievu valoda
Reliģijas
	vairums musulmaņi
Radnieciskas etniskas grupas
	karakalpaki, nogajieši, baškīri

Kazahi (kazahu: қазақтар IPA: [qɑzɑqtɑ́r]) ir tjurku tauta un Kazahstānas pamatiedzīvotāji, kā arī mazākumtautība atsevišķos citu Centrālāzijas valstu ziemeļu rajonos.

Kazahi ir cēlušies no tjurku (kipčaki, naimani, nogajieši, karluki, kankali u.c.),^[12] mongoļu, indoirāņu un huņņu ciltīm, kas 5.—13. gadsimtā apdzīvoja zemes starp Sibīriju un Melno jūru.[6]

Lieto kazahu valodu, kas pieder pie tjurku valodu grupas kipčaku valodām. Pilsētu iedzīvotāju vidū plaši izplatīta ir arī krievu valoda. Lielākā daļa ir sunnītu musulmaņi.

Skaits

Kopējais kazahu skaits pasaulē ir tikai 16,741 miljoni. Kazahstānā dzīvo 14 miljoni kazahu. Aptuveni trešdaļa kazahu dzīvo ārpus Kazahstānas. Ievērojamas kazahu kopienas dzīvo Ķīnā, jo īpaši Siņdzjanā (1,5 miljoni cilvēku), Uzbekistānā (850 000), Krievijā (600 000), Mongolijā (125 000), Turkmenistānā (25 000), Kirgizstānā (40 000 cilvēku), Turcijā (20 000), Irānā (5000). Turklāt kazahu kopienas ir arī Rietumeiropā un Amerikā.

Kazahu skaita izmaiņas Latvijā (1897—2011)

Deklarētā tautība	1897	1920	1925	1930	1935	1959	1970	1979	1989	2000	2011
kazahi	6	0	0	0	0	143	523	447	1044	258	241

Šis ar etniskajām grupām un tautām saistītais raksts ir nepilnīgs. Jūs varat dot savu ieguldījumu Vikipēdijā, papildinot to.

Atsauces

↑ Estimation based on Kazakh population share of 65% (Kzakhstan President's Speech in the Kazakhstan Parliament 2009-09-01) and 16.3 mln total population according to the preliminary results of the 2009 National Census Arhivēts 2009. gada 21. aprīlī, Wayback Machine vietnē.
↑ Kazakh population share was constant at 4.1% in 1959-1989 (CIA estimates) and declined to 3% in 1996. Official Uzbekistan estimation (E. Yu. Sadovskaya «Migration in Kazakhstan in the beginning of XXI century: main tendentions and perspectives»ISBN 9965-593-01-9) in 1999 was 940,600 Kazakhs or 3.8% of total population. If Kazakh population share was stable at about 4.1% (not taking into account the massive repatriation of ethnic Kazakhs (oralman) to Kazakhstan) and the Uzbekistan population in the middle of 2008 Arhivēts 2009. gada 13. novembrī, at Archive-It was 27.3 mln, the Kazakh population would be 1.1 mln. Using the CIA estimate of the share of Kazakhs (3%), the total Kazakh population in Uzbekistan would be 0.8 mln
↑ Census 2000 counts 1.25 mln Kazakhs[1], later the Kazakh population had higher birth rate, but some assimilation processes were present too. Estimations made after the 2000 Cesus are claiming Kazakh population share growth (was 0,104 % in 2000), but even if this share value was preserved at 0.104% level it would be no less than 1.4 mln in 2008
↑ 2002 Census ethnic composition data, in 2003-2008 Kazakhstan national statistics noted the oralman (ethnic Kazakhs) repatriation to Kazakhstan
↑ Ethnic composition of the Mongolian population in 2007 Arhivēts 2009. gada 30. martā, Wayback Machine vietnē., Mongolian government 2007. Retrieved on 6 April 2009
↑ In 1995 Kazakh poulation was 86,987 [2] or 1.94 % population total. Later was a massive pepartriation of ethnic Kazakh population (oralman) to Kazakhstan: 22,000 before 2001 and 38,000-40,000 in 2001—2007. Press reports are claiming [3],[4],[5] the most part of Kazakhs had left Turkmenistan
↑ National Statistical Committee of Kyrgyzstan. 2008 estimation^{[novecojusi saite]}
↑ ^8,0 ^8,1 ^8,2 ^8,3 The Kazakh Diasporas Arhivēts 2007. gada 28. septembrī, Wayback Machine vietnē.: Kazakh Ministry of Culture and Information (krieviski). Retrieved on 6 April 2009
↑ Results of the 2000 population census in Tajikistan. Retrieved on 6 April 2009
↑ Ukrainian population census 2001 Arhivēts 2012. gada 17. janvārī, Wayback Machine vietnē.: Distribution of population by nationality. Retrieved on 23 April 2009
↑ Belarus population census 1999: National composition of the population. Retrieved on 23 April 2009
↑ Z. V. Togan: The Origins of the Kazaks and the Ozbeks, Central Asian Survey Vol. 11, No. 3. 1992

Ārējās saites

Vikikrātuvē par šo tēmu ir pieejami multivides faili. Skatīt: Kazahi.

Encyclopædia Britannica raksts (angliski)
Krievijas Lielās enciklopēdijas raksts (krieviski)
Kazahstānas Republikas Ārlietu ministrija
Kazahu valodas kursu programma Arizonas Universitātē
Kazahu etnogrāfiskā karte
Kazahi Francijā — AKFT Arhivēts 2010. gada 16. martā, Wayback Machine vietnē.
Pasaules Kazahu Asociācija
https://web.archive.org/web/20070928070538/http://sana.gov.kz/showarticle.php?lang=eng&id=342
Massagan.com (ievērojamākā interneta vietne kazahu valodā)
Suhbat (Atameken Toby)
Mirušo noslēpumi: Amazones karotājas (PBS)
Ujukturana tjurku piemineklis, uz kura lasāms vārds "qazğaq"
Kazahu ciltis Arhivēts 2022. gada 8. martā, Wayback Machine vietnē.

[Census2009-1] Estimation based on Kazakh population share of 65% (Kzakhstan President's Speech in the Kazakhstan Parliament 2009-09-01) and 16.3 mln total population according to the preliminary results of the 2009 National Census Arhivēts 2009. gada 21. aprīlī, Wayback Machine vietnē.

[Uzb-2009-2] Kazakh population share was constant at 4.1% in 1959-1989 (CIA estimates) and declined to 3% in 1996. Official Uzbekistan estimation (E. Yu. Sadovskaya «Migration in Kazakhstan in the beginning of XXI century: main tendentions and perspectives»ISBN 9965-593-01-9) in 1999 was 940,600 Kazakhs or 3.8% of total population. If Kazakh population share was stable at about 4.1% (not taking into account the massive repatriation of ethnic Kazakhs (oralman) to Kazakhstan) and the Uzbekistan population in the middle of 2008 Arhivēts 2009. gada 13. novembrī, at Archive-It was 27.3 mln, the Kazakh population would be 1.1 mln. Using the CIA estimate of the share of Kazakhs (3%), the total Kazakh population in Uzbekistan would be 0.8 mln

[China-3] Census 2000 counts 1.25 mln Kazakhs[1], later the Kazakh population had higher birth rate, but some assimilation processes were present too. Estimations made after the 2000 Cesus are claiming Kazakh population share growth (was 0,104 % in 2000), but even if this share value was preserved at 0.104% level it would be no less than 1.4 mln in 2008

[Census2002-4] 2002 Census ethnic composition data, in 2003-2008 Kazakhstan national statistics noted the oralman (ethnic Kazakhs) repatriation to Kazakhstan

[5] Ethnic composition of the Mongolian population in 2007 Arhivēts 2009. gada 30. martā, Wayback Machine vietnē., Mongolian government 2007. Retrieved on 6 April 2009

[Turkmen-6] In 1995 Kazakh poulation was 86,987 [2] or 1.94 % population total. Later was a massive pepartriation of ethnic Kazakh population (oralman) to Kazakhstan: 22,000 before 2001 and 38,000-40,000 in 2001—2007. Press reports are claiming [3],[4],[5] the most part of Kazakhs had left Turkmenistan

[Kyrgyz-7] National Statistical Committee of Kyrgyzstan. 2008 estimation^{[novecojusi saite]}

[diaspora-8] 8,0 ^8,1 ^8,2 ^8,3 The Kazakh Diasporas Arhivēts 2007. gada 28. septembrī, Wayback Machine vietnē.: Kazakh Ministry of Culture and Information (krieviski). Retrieved on 6 April 2009

[9] Results of the 2000 population census in Tajikistan. Retrieved on 6 April 2009

[10] Ukrainian population census 2001 Arhivēts 2012. gada 17. janvārī, Wayback Machine vietnē.: Distribution of population by nationality. Retrieved on 23 April 2009

[11] Belarus population census 1999: National composition of the population. Retrieved on 23 April 2009

[12] Z. V. Togan: The Origins of the Kazaks and the Ozbeks, Central Asian Survey Vol. 11, No. 3. 1992

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